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The Covenant of the Pieces

The most theologically loaded chapter in Genesis. Abram asks one question — how shall I know that I shall inherit the land? — and God's answer changes everything. God puts Abram into a deep sleep, walks between the cut animals alone, and makes himself solely responsible for the covenant. No conditions. No requirements. Abram believes, and God counts it as righteousness. Romans 4, Galatians 3, and Hebrews 11 all pivot on what happens in this chapter.

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The Promise and the Question

1After these things the word of the LORD came unto Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram: I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward.

2And Abram said, Lord GOD, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and the steward of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus?

3And Abram said, Behold, to me thou hast given no seed: and, lo, one born in my house is mine heir.

4And, behold, the word of the LORD came unto him, saying, This shall not be thine heir; but he that shall come forth out of thine own bowels shall be thine heir.

5And he brought him forth abroad, and said, Look now toward heaven, and tell the stars, if thou be able to number them: and he said unto him, So shall thy seed be.

6And he believed in the LORD; and he counted it to him for righteousness.

The Covenant Ceremony

7And he said unto him, I am the LORD that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it.

8And he said, Lord GOD, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?

9And he said unto him, Take me an heifer of three years old, and a she goat of three years old, and a ram of three years old, and a turtledove, and a young pigeon.

10And he took unto him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each piece one against another: but the birds divided he not.

11And when the fowls came down upon the carcases, Abram drove them away.

12And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him.

13And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;

14And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance.

15And thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age.

16But in the fourth generation they shall come hither again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full.

17And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark, behold a smoking furnace, and a burning lamp that passed between those pieces.

18In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates.

19The Kenites, and the Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites,

20And the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims,

21And the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites.

The Promise and the Question

1After these things Yahweh's word came to Abram in a vision, saying, "Don't be afraid, Abram. I am your shield, your exceedingly great reward."

2Abram said, "Lord Yahweh, what will you give me, since I go childless, and he who will inherit my estate is Eliezer of Damascus?"

3Abram said, "Behold, to me you have given no seed: and, behold, one born in my house is my heir."

4Behold, Yahweh's word came to him, saying, "This man will not be your heir, but he who will come out of your own body will be your heir."

5Yahweh brought him outside, and said, "Look now toward the sky, and count the stars, if you are able to count them." He said to Abram, "So shall your offspring be."

6He believed in Yahweh, who credited it to him for righteousness.

The Covenant Ceremony

7He said to him, "I am Yahweh who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give you this land to inherit it."

8He said, "Lord Yahweh, how will I know that I will inherit it?"

9He said to him, "Bring me a heifer three years old, a female goat three years old, a ram three years old, a turtledove, and a young pigeon."

10He brought him all these, and divided them in the middle, and laid each half opposite the other; but he didn't divide the birds.

11The birds of prey came down on the carcasses, and Abram drove them away.

12When the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell on Abram. Now great terror and darkness fell on him.

13He said to Abram, "Know for certain that your offspring will live as foreigners in a land that is not theirs, and will serve them. They will afflict them four hundred years.

14I will also judge that nation, whom they will serve. Afterward they will come out with great wealth.

15but you will go to your fathers in peace. You will be buried in a good old age.

16In the fourth generation they will come here again, for the iniquity of the Amorite is not yet full."

17It came to pass that when the sun had set and it was dark, behold, a smoking furnace and a flaming torch passed between these pieces.

18In that day Yahweh made a covenant with Abram, saying, "I have given this land to your offspring, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates."

19the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites,

20the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Rephaim,

21the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites."

The Promise and the Question

1After these things the word of Jehovah came unto Abram in a vision, saying, Fear not, Abram: I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward.

2And Abram said, O Lord Jehovah, what wilt thou give me, seeing I go childless, and he that shall be possessor of my house is Eliezer of Damascus?

3And Abram said, Behold, to me thou hast given no seed: and, lo, one born in my house is mine heir.

4And, behold, the word of Jehovah came unto him, saying, This man shall not be thine heir; but he that shall come forth out of thine own bowels shall be thine heir.

5And he brought him forth abroad, and said, Look now toward heaven, and number the stars, if thou art able to number them: and he said unto him, So shall thy seed be.

6And he believed in Jehovah; and he reckoned it to him for righteousness.

7And he said unto him, I am Jehovah that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees, to give thee this land to inherit it.

8And he said, O Lord Jehovah, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?

9And he said unto him, Take me a heifer three years old, and a she-goat three years old, and a ram three years old, and a turtle-dove, and a young pigeon.

10And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and laid each half over against the other: but the birds divided he not.

11And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away.

12And when the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram; and, lo, a horror of great darkness fell upon him.

13And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be sojourners in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years.

14and also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance.

15But thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace; thou shalt be buried in a good old age.

16And in the fourth generation they shall come hither again: for the iniquity of the Amorite is not yet full.

17And it came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark, behold, a smoking furnace, and a flaming torch that passed between these pieces.

18In that day Jehovah made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates.

19the Kenite, and the Kenizzite, and the Kadmonite,

20and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Rephaim,

21and the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Girgashite, and the Jebusite.

The Promise and the Question

1After these things hath the word of Jehovah been unto Abram in a vision, saying, 'Fear not, Abram, I am a shield to thee, thy reward is very great.'

2And Abram saith, 'Lord Jehovah, what dost Thou give to me, and I am going childless, and the son of the possession of my house is this Eliezer of Damascus?'

3And Abram saith, `Lo, to me Thou hast not given seed, and lo, a domestic doth heir me.'

4And lo, the word of Jehovah is unto him, saying, `This one doth not heir thee; but he who cometh out from thy bowels, he doth heir thee;'

5And He bringeth him out without, and saith, 'Look attentively towards the heavens, and count the stars, if thou art able to count them;' and He saith to him, 'So is thy seed.'

6And he hath believed in Jehovah, and He reckoneth it to him — righteousness.

7And He saith unto him, `I am Jehovah who brought thee out from Ur of the Chaldees, to give to thee this land to possess it;'

8And he saith, 'Lord Jehovah, by what do I know that I possess it?'

9And He saith unto him, `Take for Me a heifer of three years, and a she-goat of three years, and a ram of three years, and a turtle-dove, and a young bird;'

10and he taketh to him all these, and separateth them in the midst, and putteth each piece over against its fellow, but the bird he hath not divided;

11and the ravenous birds come down upon the carcases, and Abram causeth them to turn back.

12And the sun is about to go in, and deep sleep hath fallen upon Abram, and lo, a terror of great darkness is falling upon him.

13And He saith to Abram, 'Knowing, know thou, that thy seed is a sojourner in a land not theirs, and they have served them, and they have afflicted them four hundred years.'

14and the nation also whom they serve I judge, and after this they go out with great substance;

15and thou--thou comest in unto thy fathers in peace; thou art buried in a good old age;

16and the fourth generation doth turn back hither, for the iniquity of the Amorite is not yet complete.'

17And it cometh to pass — the sun hath gone in, and thick darkness hath been — and lo, a furnace of smoke, and a lamp of fire, which hath passed over between these pieces.

18In that day hath Jehovah made with Abram a covenant, saying, 'To thy seed I have given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Phrath.'

19with the Kenite, and the Kenizzite, and the Kadmonite,

20and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Rephaim,

21and the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Girgashite, and the Jebusite.'

Public domain: KJV (1611) · WEB (2020) · ASV (1901) · YLT (1862). Note: The 400-year prophecy (v.13) is remarkably precise — Exodus 12:40 says the Israelites lived in Egypt 430 years. The "four generations" (v.16) are reconciled by reading generation as a longer span (a century) rather than the modern 25-year meaning. The "iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full" is one of the most striking statements in Genesis: God is waiting for Canaan's wickedness to reach a threshold before judgment. The land grant from Egypt to Euphrates (v.18) is the broadest statement of the promised land in the Bible — larger than anything Israel ever actually occupied.

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